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繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)件，是當輸入(ru)量（激勵量）的變化達到規定要(yao)求時，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中使被控量發生預定的階(jie)躍變化的一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。它具有控制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)（又(you)稱輸入(ru)回(hui)路(lu)）和(he)被控制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)（又(you)稱輸出回(hui)路(lu)）之間(jian)的互動(dong)關(guan)系。通常(chang)應(ying)用于自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化的控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，它實際上是用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流去(qu)控制(zhi)(zhi)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流運作(zuo)的一種“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)開關(guan)”。故(gu)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中起(qi)著自(zi)(zi)動(dong)調節、安全(quan)保(bao)護、轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)作(zuo)用。

一、繼電器的作用

繼電(dian)器是(shi)(shi)具有(you)隔離功能(neng)的(de)自動開關元件，廣泛(fan)應(ying)用于(yu)遙(yao)控、遙(yao)測(ce)、通訊、自動控制(zhi)、機(ji)電(dian)一(yi)體化及電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子設備中，是(shi)(shi)最重要的(de)控制(zhi)元件之一(yi)。繼電(dian)器一(yi)般都有(you)能(neng)反映一(yi)定輸入(ru)變(bian)量（如電(dian)流、電(dian)壓、功率、阻(zu)抗、頻率、溫度、壓力(li)、速度、光等）的(de)感應(ying)機(ji)構（輸入(ru)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)）；有(you)能(neng)對(dui)被控電(dian)路實(shi)現“通”、“斷(duan)”控制(zhi)的(de)執行(xing)機(ji)構（輸出(chu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)）；在繼電(dian)器的(de)輸入(ru)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)和輸出(chu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)之間，還(huan)有(you)對(dui)輸入(ru)量進(jin)(jin)行(xing)耦合(he)隔離，功能(neng)處理和對(dui)輸出(chu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)驅動的(de)中間機(ji)構（驅動部(bu)分(fen)(fen)）。

 作為控制元(yuan)件(jian)，概括起來，繼電器有如下幾(ji)種作用： 

（1）擴大控制范圍(wei)：例如，多觸(chu)點(dian)繼電器控制信號(hao)達到(dao)某(mou)一(yi)定值時，可以(yi)按(an)觸(chu)點(dian)組的不同形式，同時換接、開斷、接通多路電路。

（2）放大(da)：例(li)如(ru)，靈(ling)敏型繼電(dian)器、中間繼電(dian)器等，用(yong)一個很(hen)微(wei)小(xiao)的控制(zhi)(zhi)量，可以(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)很(hen)大(da)功率(lv)的電(dian)路。

（3）綜合信號：例如，當多個控制信號按規定的形式(shi)輸入多繞組繼電器時(shi)，經過比較(jiao)綜合，達到預定的控制效果。

（4）自動、遙控、監測：例如，自動裝置上的繼電器與其他電器一起，可以(yi)組成程序控制(zhi)線(xian)路，從而實現(xian)自動化運行(xing)。

二、繼電器的測試

①測觸點電阻：用(yong)萬用(yong)表的(de)電阻擋，測量常(chang)(chang)(chang)閉(bi)觸點與(yu)動點電阻，其阻值應(ying)為(wei)0；而常(chang)(chang)(chang)開觸點與(yu)動點的(de)阻值就為(wei)無窮大。由此可(ke)以(yi)區(qu)別出(chu)那個是(shi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)閉(bi)觸點，那個是(shi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)開觸點。

②測線(xian)(xian)圈電阻：可(ke)用(yong)萬用(yong)表R×10擋測量繼電器線(xian)(xian)圈的阻值，從而判斷該線(xian)(xian)圈是否存在著(zhu)開路現(xian)象(xiang)。

③測量吸(xi)(xi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和吸(xi)(xi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：用可(ke)調穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流表，給繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸入(ru)一組電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，且在供電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路中串入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流表進行監測。慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)調高電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，聽(ting)到繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)吸(xi)(xi)合的(de)聲音時，記錄(lu)吸(xi)(xi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和吸(xi)(xi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。為(wei)求準(zhun)確(que)，可(ke)以嘗試(shi)多次求平均值。

④測量釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：也(ye)是(shi)像上述那(nei)樣(yang)連接(jie)測試(shi)，當繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)發生吸合后，再(zai)逐(zhu)漸降低供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，當聽到繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)再(zai)次發生釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)聲音時，記下此時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，亦(yi)可嘗(chang)試(shi)多次而取得平均(jun)的(de)(de)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。一般情(qing)況下，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)吸合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)10%~50%如果(guo)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)小(小于1/10的(de)(de)吸合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))，則不(bu)能正常使用，這樣(yang)會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)穩定性造成威脅(xie)，使工(gong)作不(bu)可靠。 

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