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發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，假如(ru)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器在用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，相當(dang)于負載這邊是(shi)(shi)開路(lu)的，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機線圈的并沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)形成(cheng)回路(lu)，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)回路(lu)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)的定義，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)P=電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓U*電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)I，因為回路(lu)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)P=0，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)輸出，相當(dang)于本質上并沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)然談不(bu)上損(sun)失了(le)。

根據(ju)電磁定(ding)(ding)律，導體(ti)運動切(qie)割磁力線(xian)的(de)(de)時候，會(hui)在(zai)導體(ti)兩端形成感生電動勢(shi)。電動勢(shi)在(zai)物(wu)理(li)學上(shang)是這(zhe)樣定(ding)(ding)義的(de)(de)，單位正電荷被(bei)電場力從(cong)電源的(de)(de)負極，經過(guo)電源內部，達到電源正極時所做的(de)(de)功(gong)的(de)(de)大小。

光看定義，電動(dong)勢是比較(jiao)抽象的(de)，不太(tai)好理解(jie)。可以顧名思義把電動(dong)勢理解(jie)成(cheng)讓電子產生運動(dong)趨勢的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)本領，一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)能力(li)。好比處(chu)于(yu)高處(chu)水池里邊的(de)水，老想(xiang)流出去(qu)(qu)，流到下游(you)去(qu)(qu)這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)趨勢。又好比說(shuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)人很(hen)會賺錢，口(kou)袋老是裝了滿(man)滿(man)的(de)人民幣，這(zhe)種(zhong)也是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)能力(li)。發電過程，電動(dong)勢也反應發電機把機械能轉換成(cheng)電能的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)能力(li)本領。

有(you)(you)(you)(you)本領有(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)力，不做事，相(xiang)當(dang)于能(neng)力體(ti)現(xian)不出來，也等同于沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)力，好比上邊(bian)(bian)(bian)說到(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)賺錢能(neng)力的人(ren)(ren)，并沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)把錢花掉，和(he)窮人(ren)(ren)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩樣一(yi)個道理。當(dang)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)任何(he)負載接入發電機的回(hui)(hui)路里(li)(li)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)，回(hui)(hui)來沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)電流，并沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)產生電功率。但(dan)是(shi)導體(ti)切割磁力線是(shi)存在的，所以有(you)(you)(you)(you)電動勢，展(zhan)現(xian)了(le)發動機能(neng)發電的一(yi)種本領而已。再次回(hui)(hui)到(dao)水池裝(zhuang)滿水了(le)，但(dan)是(shi)水閥是(shi)關閉著的，并沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)水漏出去一(yi)樣的道理，并沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)什么損失，水還在水池里(li)(li)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)。

導(dao)體(ti)沒(mei)有(you)(you)切(qie)割磁力(li)(li)線(xian)時(shi)(shi)候，正(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩端(duan)都是(shi)中性的(de)(de)(de)，因為(wei)金(jin)屬正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子是(shi)完全一致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，導(dao)體(ti)沒(mei)有(you)(you)對外顯示出(chu)任何帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)。當切(qie)割磁力(li)(li)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)從負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)移(yi)動到(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，可以理解成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力(li)(li)讓正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子實現了(le)(le)在這一段導(dao)體(ti)上(shang)分(fen)(fen)離了(le)(le)一些出(chu)來，正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)聚焦了(le)(le)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，而負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)聚集了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，這樣分(fen)(fen)別(bie)在導(dao)體(ti)兩頭呈現出(chu)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)來。正(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)離出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)數量越多，代表發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢越強(qiang)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)(li)也越強(qiang)。因為(wei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)載接入，而發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)(li)是(shi)有(you)(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)，導(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)能分(fen)(fen)離出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)數量也是(shi)有(you)(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)，到(dao)了(le)(le)一定程度(du)，正(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)不再繼續分(fen)(fen)離增加了(le)(le)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)怎(zen)么轉，都不會再有(you)(you)新的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)從負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)移(yi)動到(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)了(le)(le)。好(hao)比水池里邊的(de)(de)(de)水已經滿(man)了(le)(le)，水泵再往里邊送水，也送不進去這個道理。

燈泡發光，是因為電(dian)流流過鎢絲等東西，轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)熱能(neng)或(huo)者(zhe)光能(neng)，而風(feng)扇在轉(zhuan)，也(ye)是電(dian)流流過電(dian)機內部(bu)，讓電(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)動能(neng)。要讓負載(zai)工作(zuo)同時消耗電(dian)能(neng)，必須要有電(dian)流流過負載(zai)本(ben)身，這樣電(dian)能(neng)才可以轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)其(qi)他形式的能(neng)。

發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)帶動負(fu)(fu)載發(fa)電時(shi)候(hou)，機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)會因(yin)(yin)為(wei)切割磁力線(xian)存在，發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈內部會分(fen)離(li)出來正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)(fu)電荷(he)，讓(rang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電荷(he)跑到(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極，負(fu)(fu)電荷(he)保留(liu)在負(fu)(fu)極，轉換成(cheng)電能(neng)，而電能(neng)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)有(you)(you)回(hui)路(lu)，讓(rang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電荷(he)從(cong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極，經過負(fu)(fu)載，流回(hui)負(fu)(fu)極，這樣(yang)相(xiang)當(dang)于正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電荷(he)做了一(yi)個封閉的(de)循(xun)環(huan)，回(hui)到(dao)(dao)了最(zui)初的(de)位(wei)置了，讓(rang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)(fu)電荷(he)中和(he)，這樣(yang)機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)再次在發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈內部分(fen)離(li)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)(fu)電荷(he)，重復這個流程(cheng)，這樣(yang)一(yi)個流程(cheng)就是(shi)有(you)(you)源源不斷電流產生的(de)過程(cheng)。

發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機可以看成(cheng)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓源(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)動勢代表這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓源(yuan)的能(neng)(neng)力(li)，電(dian)(dian)壓是穩定的，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機輸出的電(dian)(dian)功率大小，取決于負載這邊(bian)的電(dian)(dian)流大小，電(dian)(dian)流越大，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機把機械能(neng)(neng)轉換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的數(shu)量會越多。反過來，如果負載沒有電(dian)(dian)流，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機實(shi)際上是在空轉，除了一些摩擦力(li)在消耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)量外，并不(bu)會有機械能(neng)(neng)轉換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，不(bu)存在白白損失的問(wen)題。