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不平衡度%=（MAX電(dian)(dian)流-MIN電(dian)(dian)流）/MAX電(dian)(dian)流×100%

不平衡度(du)%=（MAX相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流-三相(xiang)平均電(dian)(dian)流）/三相(xiang)平均電(dian)(dian)流×100%

舉個例子：

三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)IA=9A IB=8A IC=4A，則三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)流為(wei)(wei)7A，相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流-三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)流分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)2A 1A 3A，取差(cha)值大那個，故MAX（相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流-三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)流）=3A，所以三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流不平(ping)衡度=3/7。

在(zai)三相(xiang)四(si)線(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)供電(dian)網(wang)絡中，電(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過(guo)(guo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路導線(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)，因存在(zai)阻抗(kang)必(bi)將產生電(dian)能損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，其損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)與通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)平方(fang)成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi)。當低(di)壓電(dian)網(wang)以三相(xiang)四(si)線(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)供電(dian)時(shi)，由于有(you)單相(xiang)負載存在(zai)，造成(cheng)三相(xiang)負載不(bu)平衡(heng)在(zai)所難免。當三相(xiang)負載不(bu)平衡(heng)運行時(shi)，中性(xing)(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)即(ji)有(you)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過(guo)(guo)。這樣不(bu)但相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，而且中性(xing)(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)也產生損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)，從而增加了電(dian)網(wang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)。

配(pei)電變(bian)壓(ya)器是低(di)壓(ya)電網的(de)供電主設備，當其在三(san)相負載(zai)不平(ping)衡工(gong)況下運行時(shi)，將會造成(cheng)配(pei)變(bian)損耗的(de)增加。因為(wei)配(pei)變(bian)的(de)功率損耗是隨負載(zai)的(de)不平(ping)衡度(du)而變(bian)化的(de)。

配(pei)變設計時(shi)，其(qi)繞組結構是按(an)負(fu)載(zai)平(ping)衡運(yun)行工(gong)況(kuang)設計的(de)，其(qi)繞組性能(neng)基本(ben)一(yi)致，各相(xiang)(xiang)額定容量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)等。配(pei)變的(de)MAX允許出力(li)要受(shou)到(dao)每相(xiang)(xiang)額定容量(liang)的(de)限(xian)制。假如(ru)當配(pei)變處于三相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)不平(ping)衡工(gong)況(kuang)下(xia)運(yun)行，負(fu)載(zai)輕的(de)一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)就有(you)富(fu)余容量(liang)，從而使配(pei)變的(de)出力(li)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)。其(qi)出力(li)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)程度與三相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)不平(ping)衡度有(you)關。三相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)不平(ping)衡越(yue)大，配(pei)變出力(li)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)越(yue)多。為此，配(pei)變在三相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)不平(ping)衡時(shi)運(yun)行，其(qi)輸出的(de)容量(liang)就無(wu)法達到(dao)額定值(zhi)，其(qi)備用(yong)容量(liang)亦相(xiang)(xiang)應減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)，過載(zai)能(neng)力(li)也降低。假如(ru)配(pei)變在過載(zai)工(gong)況(kuang)下(xia)運(yun)行，即極(ji)易引發配(pei)變發熱，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)甚至會造成配(pei)變燒損。

配變在(zai)三(san)相(xiang)負載(zai)不平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)工況(kuang)下運行(xing)，將(jiang)產(chan)生(sheng)零(ling)(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，該電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)將(jiang)隨三(san)相(xiang)負載(zai)不平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)的程度(du)而變化(hua)，不平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)度(du)越大，則(ze)零(ling)(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)越大。運行(xing)中(zhong)的配變若存在(zai)零(ling)(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，則(ze)其鐵芯中(zhong)將(jiang)產(chan)生(sheng)零(ling)(ling)(ling)序(xu)磁(ci)通(tong)。(高壓側(ce)沒有零(ling)(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu))這迫使零(ling)(ling)(ling)序(xu)磁(ci)通(tong)只能以油箱(xiang)壁及鋼構(gou)件(jian)作(zuo)為(wei)通(tong)道通(tong)過(guo)，而鋼構(gou)件(jian)的導磁(ci)率較低，零(ling)(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)過(guo)鋼構(gou)件(jian)時(shi)，即要產(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)滯和渦流(liu)(liu)(liu)損耗，從而使配變的鋼構(gou)件(jian)局部(bu)溫(wen)度(du)升高發熱。配變的繞組(zu)絕緣因過(guo)熱而加快老化(hua)，導致設備壽命降低。同(tong)時(shi)，零(ling)(ling)(ling)序(xu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的存也(ye)會增加配變的損耗。

配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)是根據三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載平(ping)衡運行工(gong)況設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其每(mei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)阻、漏抗和激磁阻抗基(ji)(ji)本一致。當配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)在三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載平(ping)衡時運行，其三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流基(ji)(ji)本相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等，配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)內部每(mei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)壓降也基(ji)(ji)本相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同，則配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)壓也是平(ping)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)。假如配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)在三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載不平(ping)衡時運行，其各相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)出電(dian)流就不相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等，其配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)內部三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)壓降就不相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等，這(zhe)必將導致配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不平(ping)衡。

同時(shi)，配變在(zai)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)不(bu)平衡時(shi)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)一樣，而(er)中性線就(jiu)會(hui)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過。因而(er)使中性線產生(sheng)阻抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降，從而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)中性點漂移，致(zhi)使各相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發生(sheng)變化。負(fu)載(zai)重的一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降低，而(er)負(fu)載(zai)輕的一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)升高(gao)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)平衡狀況下供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，即容易造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)的一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接帶(dai)的用戶用電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備燒壞，而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低的一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接帶(dai)的用戶用電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備則可能(neng)無(wu)法使用。所以三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)不(bu)平衡運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)，將嚴重危及用電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的安(an)全運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。

配(pei)變(bian)在(zai)三(san)(san)相(xiang)負載不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)工況下運行，將(jiang)引(yin)(yin)起輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)三(san)(san)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)。由于(yu)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)存在(zai)著正(zheng)(zheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、負序(xu)(xu)(xu)、零序(xu)(xu)(xu)三(san)(san)個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分量(liang)，當這(zhe)種不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)后，負序(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)產(chan)生旋轉(zhuan)磁(ci)(ci)場與正(zheng)(zheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)產(chan)生的(de)旋轉(zhuan)磁(ci)(ci)場相(xiang)反，起到制動(dong)(dong)作用。但由于(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)磁(ci)(ci)場比負序(xu)(xu)(xu)磁(ci)(ci)場要強(qiang)得多(duo)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)仍按正(zheng)(zheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)磁(ci)(ci)場方向轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。而由于(yu)負序(xu)(xu)(xu)磁(ci)(ci)場的(de)制動(dong)(dong)作用，必將(jiang)引(yin)(yin)起電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)減少，從而導致電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)效率(lv)降(jiang)低。同(tong)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)溫升(sheng)和(he)(he)無功損耗，也(ye)將(jiang)隨三(san)(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)度而增大(da)。所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)在(zai)三(san)(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)狀況下運行，是非常不(bu)(bu)經濟(ji)和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)安全的(de)。