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經常燒變頻器只有以下幾種可分析的原因

1、變頻(pin)器非品牌產品，國內生產廠家很多(duo)質量參(can)差 不齊，買(mai)的變頻(pin)器為雜牌便(bian)宜貨。

2、初次使(shi)用時許多功能參數(shu)未按說明書上的代碼設置(zhi)到變(bian)頻器內，至使(shi)變(bian)頻器的過壓(ya)、過流(liu)、超(chao)頻等保(bao)護功能完全(quan)沒起作用。

3、電機額定輸入功(gong)率大于變頻器的(de)額定輸出功(gong)率，嚴重(zhong)不匹配。4、電機的(de)絕緣或線圈的(de)匝(za)間短路。

5、電機的拖動負載過大。

6、220V輸入電(dian)壓不(bu)穩或者有接(jie)觸不(bu)良打火(huo)現像等等。

變頻器(qi)(qi)都有警示(shi)信(xin)息(xi)及保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，一旦故障(zhang)(zhang)發生，保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)動作，變頻器(qi)(qi)停止輸(shu)出，變頻器(qi)(qi)故障(zhang)(zhang)繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)接點動作，并(bing)且在變頻器(qi)(qi)顯示(shi)面板上顯示(shi)故障(zhang)(zhang)代(dai)碼。各用戶根(gen)據變頻器(qi)(qi)的使用說明(ming)書提示(shi)進行對號入座的自查，分析故障(zhang)(zhang)原因，找出解決方法。如(ru)無(wu)法找到原因可與變頻器(qi)(qi)的代(dai)理商或直接與生產廠家聯系，獲得(de)信(xin)息(xi)來處理故障(zhang)(zhang)。

下面初步了解一下變頻器及簡單故障分析

通用變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)，采(cai)用交—直(zhi)—交工作方式，即是輸入為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)三(san)相(xiang)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)橋整流(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，然后(hou)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)經三(san)相(xiang)橋式逆變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)變(bian)(bian)換為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)調壓(ya)調頻(pin)(pin)(pin)的三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出到負載。當變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)剛(gang)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，由(you)于直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)側的平波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量非常(chang)大(da)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)很(hen)大(da)，通常(chang)采(cai)用一(yi)個起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)來限制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，常(chang)見的變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)起動兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成后(hou)，控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)通過(guo)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的觸(chu)點或(huo)晶閘管將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)短路(lu)，起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)故障(zhang)一(yi)般(ban)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)燒壞，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)報警顯示(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)故障(zhang)，一(yi)般(ban)設計(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)設計(ji)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)的起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)時，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了減(jian)少(shao)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)的體積選擇起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，都選擇小一(yi)些，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值在(zai)10～50Ω，功率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10～50W。

當(dang)變(bian)頻器的交流輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源頻繁通時，或者旁(pang)路接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器的觸(chu)點接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不良時，以及旁(pang)路晶閘(zha)管(guan)的導通阻值變(bian)大時，都會導致起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻燒(shao)壞(huai)。如遇此情(qing)況，可購買同規格(ge)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻換之，同時必(bi)須找(zhao)出(chu)引出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻燒(shao)壞(huai)的原因(yin)。如果(guo)故障(zhang)是(shi)由輸入(ru)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)源頻率(lv)開(kai)合(he)引起的，必(bi)須消除這(zhe)種現(xian)象才能將(jiang)變(bian)頻器投入(ru)使用；如果(guo)故障(zhang)是(shi)由旁(pang)路繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器觸(chu)點或旁(pang)路晶閘(zha)管(guan)引起，則必(bi)須更換這(zhe)些器件。

例如一(yi)臺三相變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)狀(zhuang)態正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)，但調不(bu)到(dao)高速運行，經(jing)檢查，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)并(bing)無(wu)故障，參數(shu)設置正(zheng)確(que)，調速輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)信號正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)，上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)運行時(shi)測試出現變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)直(zhi)流母線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)只有 450V左右，正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)580～600V，再測輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)側(ce)，發現缺(que)了一(yi)相，故障原因是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)側(ce)的一(yi)個空氣開關的一(yi)相接觸不(bu)良(liang)造成的，為(wei)(wei)(wei)什么變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)缺(que)相不(bu)報(bao)警仍能在(zai)低頻(pin)段工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)呢?實際上(shang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)缺(que)一(yi)相輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)時(shi)，是(shi)可以工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的，多數(shu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的母線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下限為(wei)(wei)(wei)400V，即是(shi)當(dang)直(zhi)流母線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)至400V以下時(shi)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)才報(bao)告(gao)直(zhi)流母線低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)故障。當(dang)兩相輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)時(shi)，直(zhi)流母線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)380*1.2＝452V>400V。當(dang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)運行時(shi)，由于平(ping)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容的作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也可達到(dao)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)值(zhi)，新型的變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)都是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)PWM控(kong)制技(ji)術，調壓(ya)(ya)調頻(pin)的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)橋完成，所以在(zai)低頻(pin)段輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)缺(que)相仍可以正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，但因為(wei)(wei)(wei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低，造成異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉矩低，頻(pin)率上(shang)不(bu)去(qu)。

出(chu)(chu)現這(zhe)種故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)顯示時，首先檢(jian)查(cha)加速時間參(can)(can)數是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)太(tai)短，力矩(ju)提升參(can)(can)數是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)太(tai)大，然后檢(jian)查(cha)負(fu)載是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)太(tai)重。如果(guo)無(wu)這(zhe)些現象，可以(yi)斷(duan)開(kai)輸出(chu)(chu)側的(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器和直流(liu)(liu)側的(de)(de)霍爾電流(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測點，復位后運行，看是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)出(chu)(chu)現過(guo)流(liu)(liu)現象，如果(guo)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)話，很可能(neng)是(shi)(shi) 1PM模(mo)塊出(chu)(chu)現故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，因為1PM模(mo)塊內含有過(guo)壓(ya)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)、欠(qian)壓(ya)、過(guo)載、過(guo)熱、缺相(xiang)、短路等(deng)保(bao)護功能(neng)，而這(zhe)些故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)信(xin)號都是(shi)(shi)經(jing)模(mo)塊控制(zhi)引腳(jiao)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)Fn引腳(jiao)傳送到微控器的(de)(de)，微控器接收到故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)信(xin)息后，一方面封鎖脈沖輸出(chu)(chu)，另一方面將故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)信(xin)息顯示在面板上，一般更換1PM模(mo)塊。

變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)出現過壓故障(zhang)，一(yi)般是雷(lei)雨天氣，由(you)于(yu)雷(lei)電(dian)串入變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)源中，使變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)直(zhi)流(liu)側的電(dian)壓檢測器(qi)(qi)動作而跳閘，在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)情況下，通常只(zhi)須(xu)斷開變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)源 1min左右，再(zai)合上(shang)電(dian)源，即可復位；另一(yi)種(zhong)情況是變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)驅動大慣性負(fu)載，就(jiu)出現過壓現象(xiang)(xiang)，因為這(zhe)種(zhong)情況下，變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的減(jian)速停止(zhi)屬(shu)于(yu)再(zai)生制(zhi)動，在(zai)停止(zhi)過程中，變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)出頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)按線性下降，而負(fu)載電(dian)機的頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)高于(yu)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)出頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)，負(fu)載電(dian)機處于(yu)發電(dian)狀態(tai)，機械能轉化為電(dian)能，并被變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)直(zhi)流(liu)側的平波(bo)電(dian)容吸收，當這(zhe)種(zhong)能量足夠大時(shi)，就(jiu)會產生所謂的“泵升現象(xiang)(xiang)”，變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)直(zhi)流(liu)側的電(dian)壓會超過直(zhi)流(liu)母(mu)線的最大電(dian)壓而跳閘，對(dui)于(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)故障(zhang)，一(yi)是將減(jian)速時(shi)間參數設置(zhi)長些(xie)或增(zeng)大制(zhi)動電(dian)阻或增(zeng)加(jia)制(zhi)動單元；二是將變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的停止(zhi)方式設置(zhi)為自由(you)停車。

電機發熱，變頻器顯示過載

對于(yu)(yu)已經投入運行(xing)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)如(ru)果(guo)出(chu)現這種故(gu)障，就必須檢查(cha)負載的(de)狀況；對于(yu)(yu)新(xin)安裝的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)如(ru)果(guo)出(chu)現這種故(gu)障，很可能(neng)是 V/F曲線(xian)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)不當(dang)或電(dian)(dian)機(ji)參數設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)有問(wen)題，例如(ru)一臺(tai)新(xin)裝變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)，其驅動的(de)是一臺(tai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)額定參數為(wei)220V/50Hz，而變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)出(chu)廠時設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)380V/50Hz，由于(yu)(yu)安裝人員沒有正確設(she)定變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的(de)V/F參數，導致電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運行(xing)一段(duan)時間后轉子出(chu)現磁飽和，致使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉速(su)降低，發(fa)熱(re)而過載。所以(yi)在新(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)使用(yong)以(yi)前，必須設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)該參數，另外(wai)使用(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的(de)無速(su)度(du)傳感器(qi)矢量控制方式時，沒有正確的(de)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)負載

電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流、容量(liang)等參數，也會導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)熱(re)(re)過(guo)載(zai)，還有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)情形是設(she)置的變(bian)頻器載(zai)波率過(guo)高時，也會導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)熱(re)(re)過(guo)載(zai)，最后一(yi)種(zhong)情形是電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)計(ji)者設(she)計(ji)變(bian)頻器常常在低頻段工作(zuo)，而(er)沒有(you)考(kao)慮到在低頻段工作(zuo)的電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)散(san)熱(re)(re)變(bian)差的問題，致(zhi)使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)一(yi)段時間后發(fa)熱(re)(re)過(guo)載(zai)，對于(yu)這種(zhong)，需(xu)加裝(zhuang)散(san)熱(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置。

來源(yuan)：工控變頻(pin)器學(xue)習(xi)